Typically we need a pair of sensors to measure depth. 360-degree cameras are used as a single sensor on either side of a sphere, so they can't see the same information together.
If you either used multiple 360 cams or made a rig with a know length between them then yea you can use them for photogrammetry just as you can with a normal camera. Ideally you'd want to take photos from multiple sources in a room though to get a wider coverage otherwise it will be fairly limited for vr purposes. Certainly worth exploring, even if its just for the fun of it :P
Gave this a test last night with a ricoh theta and photoscan, the conditions weren't great as it was a bit dark and my walls are all one flat colour but took about 20 photos around my flat and it was able to provide me with some geo for it, struggled with the walls where there were no pictures or anything but it works out pretty well. Will do a test in better conditions
